�[.Does "genes" give birth to a risk taker ?

(28) Geneticists suspect that perhaps a dozen genes influence risk taking. But efforts to find a particular "risk" gene are controversial. In 1996, two research groups announced that thrill seekers had a critical change in a gene that carries instructions for building a receptor in the brain. This receptor binds to the chemical messenger dopamine, a "reward" chemical involved in pleasurable sensation. The research suggested that thrill seekers tend to have a longer than average version of this gene. One interpretation is that people with this genetic variation need more stimulation, or more thrills, to feel good. Richard Ebstein, a molecular geneticist at Jerusalem's Sarah Herzog Memorial Hospital who led one group, speculates that the Kennedy family "undoubtedly" carries the gene.
―U. S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT. August 2, '99, p.26.

Some scholars are in suport of the existence of genes. Speculation by Richard Ebstein, a molecular geneticist, that the Kennedy family "undoubtedly" carries the gene is quite a revelation to the Japanese people. But according to recent research, the existence of "a gene" which decides whether one is destined for happiness or unhappiness is a proven fact among a number of gene scientists in the United States.

(29) However, some scientists do not support the existence of genes. Other researchers have been unable to duplicate the findings, and Steven moldin, chief of the genetics research branch of the NIMH, is openly skeptical: "Is there a gene for risk-seeking behavior? Not that I know of." Hamer is undeterred. He says he recently identified a second "risk" gene. But he concedes that upbringing is as important as genes. Hamer says, "the gene was not whispering in John Kennedy's ear, ' fly the plane tonight'."
―U. S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT. August 2 '99, p.26.

The statement that "upbringing is as important as genes" is quite a relief to all the people involved in the upbringing of not only smaller children, but also of adolescents.